Physics Quantum Computing And Computer Science - 859 Words

Quantum Computing and Its Relation to Computer Science I have decided to write my paper on Quantum Computing. This is a difficult subject for me to wrap my head around, however I feel it is a very important field to look into more closely. Quantum Computing relates to the studies I have chosen, in the fact that it is actually a field that could potentially change Computer Science as it is known today. This could affect me in unforeseen ways, and I feel I need to know about it in order to prepare for my future. Without further ado, let us explore the question, how is quantum computing going to affect the future of Computer Science? What is Quantum Computing? Normal computers that are used today have many little pieces on the transistor that interact with one another. Usually these pieces have either the number one or zero, depending on the piece. They communicate between each other, in a way, which results in a computer program or command. When progress has been made in computing today, the major component of that progress has been either increasing the number of chips on the transistor or improving the performance of the existing chips in speed and communication. Quantum computing throws a curveball into all of that, though. Quantum computing is where a chip does not have to be a one or zero, it can be both or switch between the two numbers as well. This opens up for a lot more communication, more options, and more computing power that wouldShow MoreRelatedThe Physics Of Computer Science1314 Words   |  6 Pageshas been vast and rapid development in the field of computer science since last couple of decades. From the abacus- early counting device, Napier’s Bones, Pascal’s Calculator, Leibnz Calculator, Analytical Engine, ENIAC, Transistors to Super Computer these has been a drastic sophistication in the field of computation. This pace can be seen and felt around us. Scientist has already developed and involved in the further advancement of quantum computers through different experiments which is believed toRead MoreThe Physics Of Quantum Computers1480 Words   |  6 Pagesis quantum computing. We can say that quantum computers are likely to move out of science fiction and research labs and into practical applications. A quantum computing is way faster than a normal pc. Google already have one and make many test online. A quantum computer is a new complex technology. This computer is not available f or us yet. This new engine represent a lot of new possibility for us. Some person tell that the teleportation would be available, but this is too far. Old computers can’tRead MoreComputers And The Field Of Computer Engineering1571 Words   |  7 Pages Electrical engineering is a wide field of study and the field of computer engineering is very intriguing. Computer hardware is the field that is advancing at an exponential pace in the last 100 years which is a very small piece of human history. Which is why this field is so interesting and finding advancements in computer and computing is not hard to come by. There’s always something new that’s created like a new software or processor. But there’s been some recent advancements in what could shapeRead More Quantum Teleportation Essay775 Words   |  4 PagesQuantum Teleportation is one of the newest areas of study in the field of quantum physics. It is the stuff of science fiction, which is fast becoming reality, where solid objects can be moved vast distances instantly. It has been the subject of books and movies for years but it wasn’t until recently that physicists at IBM’s laboratories made it a reality. The ideas that formed the basis of these experiments came about from previous research by scientists such as Albert Einstein and HeisenbergRead MorePhysics : Physics And Physics1859 Words   |  8 PagesIn short, quantum mechanics is ‘a mathematical framework that plays a huge role in modern physics and chemistry’. It was interpreted in many ways, however the Copenhagen Interpretation was the most widely held view, largely developed by Danish physicist Neils Bohr who worked in Copenhagen. The framework can be applied to different scientific phenomena and can be used to investigate the behaviour of the building blocks of the universe, all elementary particles. The complex mathematics is useful forRead MoreQuantum Teleportation And Its Effect On Human Life1206 Words   |  5 Pagesattempt have been made to practically implement Quantum teleportation. Quantum teleportation was first demonstrated with entangled photons[11] in 1997. Later, various developments have been ach ieved in laboratory, including the demonstration of entanglement swapping[12], open destination teleportation[13] and teleportation of two bit composite system[14]. Entanglement distribution has been shown with fiber links[15–18]. In addition, â€Å"practical† quantum teleportation have been realized via fiber links[19Read MoreThe First Programmable Computer Ever Created1281 Words   |  6 Pagesprogrammable computer ever created, ENIAC made in 1946 sparked a promising advancement in technology. Each passing generation brought a new groundbreaking advancement in computer technology. And with each advancement, the previous generation quickly became obsolete. A computer made in 1985 would almost certainly be inferior to a computer made the next year. But a computer made in 2010 can still be widely used and integrated into 2016 computing. This leads me to believe that improvements in computers are slowingRead MoreEver since I have used a computer, I have been captivated by the incredible world of the digital600 Words   |  3 Pageshave used a computer, I have been captivated by the incredible world of the digital industry. One of the earliest memories I have was to use a floppy disk, the idea of capturing something virtual and integrating it into a physical object fascinated me. As technology has advanced so has its implements, I recall the floppy disk being as big as my hand and to now hold a memory stick smaller than my thumb with 91022.2 times more storage capacity just astonishes me. The advancement of computers at this exponentialRead MoreCanadian Entrepreneur: Mike Lazaridis818 Words   |  3 Pageswas born in Istanbul, Turkey on March 14th, 1961, and came to Canada at the age of 5, and was raised in Windsor, Ontario. As a child, Lazaridis was an overachiever. At the age of 12, he won a prize for reading every science book in the Windsor Public Library. He was captivated by science and how things worked; he and his friends spent hours in his basement building things such as rockets and radios. Mike Lazaridis is an Officer of the Order of Canada and Order of Ontario, was named Nation Builder ofRead MoreEssay on Application for Graduate Program in Electronics1318 Words   |  6 Pagesburning ever brighter and illuminating my path. My family bought a personal computer when I was ten years old, this provided me an opportunity to sample the world of technology, without any of the prerequisites needed to understand the complexities of homebrew electronics. I jumped at this opportunity, voraciously consuming any material relating to computers and their operation. I convinced my family to enroll me into a computer graphics course, I was then in sixth grade and became the youngest student

Comparing Beowulf, An Anglo Saxon Epic Hero - 1292 Words

In life the courageous hero has forever stood as a standard of whom we should be and who we wish to be. In the story of Beowulf, an Anglo-Saxon epic the hero is one that is easy to understand, Beowulf fights monsters he is loyal to his Lord and shows very strong and powerful leadership skills. Beowulf is the perfect Anglo-Saxon epic hero who displays courage, bravery, and strength during his battles against evil. Beowulf can be viewed as the standard courageous hero. In this story courage is viewed as a form of glory. In the story Paradise Lost, a Christian epic poem the hero figure has been placed upon Satan. Who in most eyes is a contradictory to the idea of a courageous hero. Courage here is performed in the aspect of revenge. Both of these works integrate Christian and traditional epic conventions into their story. Beowulf is a man who is filled with Christian customs and is willing to die and defend the world against evil using the help of God. While in Paradise Lost the story is of the fall of humanity, which is shown through the eyes of Satan. For the everyday person courage usually revolves around the ability to face a fear, pain, or a difficult obstacle. Courage enables one to face danger, fear, or deviations on one’s own will and determination. With courage it is possible to can stand up for what is believed to be right or wrong. In the epic Beowulf courage is an ongoing theme that is shown throughout the entire story. Beowulf is an epic story that recountsShow MoreRelatedThe Anglo Saxon Era Of Rich History And Reflected Literature1486 Words   |  6 PagesThe Anglo Saxon Era of Rich History and Reflected Literature The Anglo Saxon Period began in 449 and ended in 1066 AD. This was a time of Viking conquering other nations, patriotism, and Pagan to Christian religious conversion. There are only few recorded authors of this era as a result of literary works such as Beowulf, Wife’s Lament, and The Seafarer being passed down orally through generations of time. The literature serves as a reflection of this ancient time rather than having an impact on thisRead MoreGrendel and Obj1412 Words   |  6 PagesBeowulf Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. Comprehension The questions below refer to the selections â€Å"from Beowulf, Part One,† â€Å"from Grendel,† â€Å"Life in 999: A Grim Struggle,† and â€Å"from Beowulf, Part Two.† ____ 1. Beowulf slays Grendel in order to  Ã¢â‚¬â€ |a. |save Hrothgar and the Danes from the monster | |b. |prevent Grendel from invading theRead MoreAnalysis Of Beowulf And Modern Days 918 Words   |  4 PagesDaryn Viser Women’s Roles in Beowulf and Modern Days There exists between the Anglo-Saxons and modern days a stereotype about women and their lack of being treated as equals in comparison to men. It is assumed that while the male characters were out battling monsters in return for honor and glory, the women lay at home anxiously pacing back and forth for their husbands to return. Little worth was assumed about them in accordance to man. While nowadays, no one blinks twice when a woman is offeredRead MoreJudith- Compare and Contrast1431 Words   |  6 Pagesculture was during the time they were written by comparing and contrasting the elements of the story that are presented and modified. The distinct differences that can be found between the Old English and the vulgate versions of Judith provide a clear view of what the Anglo-Saxons considered to be important, and what they felt required respect. When comparing and contrasting these two versions, one can utilize other Old English works such as Beowulf and The Wanderer to clearly spot the differencesRead MoreFree Will And Religion : An Epic Hero1478 Words   |  6 Pagescase in the epic poem, Beowulf. The story’s protagonist must endure many trials throughout his journey as an epic hero, defeating his opponent each time. However, Beowulf believes it is not his own strength, but the will of God that he is able to become victorious. As his journey through life continues, from warrior to king, fatalism is present time and time again in all his actions. In Seamus Heaney’s translation of Beowulf, the theme of fate dictates the outcome of each battle Beowulf must overcomeRead MoreComparison between Beowulf and The Wanderer1436 Words   |  6 Pagesbetween Beowulf and the Wanderer 10th October, 2013 / Esma Bike BostancÄ ± BEOWULF AND THE WANDERER There are many factors to consider in comparing the two poems of the Old English society – Beowulf and The Wanderer. While they have many similarities; they have, within their structure and plot, many differences we can easily find or eventually make out. When we look at both the poems in terms of their genre; while they are both products of the traditional oral literature of the Anglo-Saxons;Read MoreExploring The Anglo-Saxon Hero2467 Words   |  10 Pages What is a hero? Perhaps it should be rephrased: who is a hero? Of course, it now becomes easy to answer – we can say Odysseus, as he didn’t just assist in the victory at Troy, but fought the gods with his longing for his home; or Beowulf, who fought of the terrible monsters in Hrothgar’s kingdom as well as his own; or Byrhtnoth, who died while defending the land he loved. Clearly, it is easy to list off the heroes in these ancient poems. However, why is this so, why can we so easily identifyRead MoreComparing Beowulf And Grendel And Beowulf1702 Words   |  7 Pagestranslated, Beowulf has represented one of the finest examples of heroic poetry. As a tale reflecting the noble deeds of a hero, it uniquely expresses the cultural values of the Anglo-Saxo ns from whom it originated since heroes often do reflect the best of what their culture deems worthwhile. However, modern adaptations of this work express a different set of cultural values; values unique to modern society. When comparing the translated poem, Beowulf, to the 2005 motion picture, Beowulf and GrendelRead MoreComparing Beowulf And The Anglo Saxon Period1292 Words   |  6 PagesRealism in Beowulf In the old English Anglo-Saxon writings, many heroes were given fanciful characteristics. For example, Beowulf was depicted with an immense amount of strength that people today could not achieve. Nowadays, the recreation of old fiction is very common. However, when fiction from the eighth century is recreated to fit our modern time, the characters are seen to resemble our human features, skills, and ways of thinking. Eighth-century writing is not as rational as our entertainmentRead MoreComparing Beowulf And The Anglo Saxon Period1300 Words   |  6 PagesRealism in Beowulf In the old English Anglo Saxon writings, many heroes were given fancil characteristics. For example, Beowulf was depicted with an immense amount of strength that people today could not achieve. Nowadays, the recreation of old fiction is very common. However, when fiction from the eighth century is recreated to fit our modern time, the characters are seen to resemble our human features, skills, and ways of thinking. Eighth century writing is not as rational as our entertainment

Poetry Analysis Essay Summary Example For Students

Poetry Analysis Essay Summary The poem Lockers by Eric Berger describes the pain and challenges a girl goes through while at school. Two predominant themes in this poem include bullying and pressure from school work. Being a teenager and knowing the fact that high school life Is not easy, I am able to relate to this poem, thus causing me to enjoy and appreciate what the author has written. One of the most apparent themes In Lockers Is academic pressure and lack of freedom. This is clearly illustrated when Berger writes: Tests, deadlines, homework pressure In the first line of the third stanza. She believes that school Is overloading her and taking control of clear thoughts. She has a strong desire to get rid of this stress and anxiety however she knows that she Is unable to, therefore she asks: Why cant those be concealed In lockers? . Berger uses the word prison as a metaphor to refer to the locker. She Imagines burying the Issue In a prison; a place where the guilty and wrongdoing are held confined. Bullying and peer pressure is another major theme in this poem. This theme is very obvious in the last stanza where Berger also expresses the isolation she feels. The line Gossiping gangs and hostile glares portrays her fear of bullies and the hurtful words they say. She is afraid of rivalry; this is elaborated through the line Jealous feuds linked to competitions. The phrase: Loneliness, bitter ostracism indicates that the writer is also scared of rejection and being alone. She dreams of locking away the bullying and isolation. Berger uses a lot of imagery to paint pictures in the readers mind throughout the whole poem. She also uses unusual words such as caress to describe the waving of cockroach feelers. Her tone gradually becomes more and more angry and aggressive as the poem progresses. The door and turn/lose the kef is used in the last line of every verse. This repetition of words links the ideas in the poem. It represents the locking away of the negative thoughts and feelings, like the action of locking something in a locker. Berger engages the reader and encourages them to recognize this association. This poem Is mainly targeted to teenagers and young adults. It explores the feelings of school pressure; whether Its associated with academics or the pressure from errs. Berger effectively captures these themes and successfully communicates her message with the reader by using various poetic techniques. I enjoyed this poem and found It very easy to understand the poets feelings and what she was trying to convey. Lockers (Eric Berger) Poetry Analysis By bloodstreams life is not easy, I am able to relate to this poem, thus causing me to enjoy and One of the most apparent themes in Lockers is academic pressure and lack of pressure in the first line of the third stanza. She believes that school is id of this stress and anxiety however she knows that she is unable to, therefore she asks: Why cant those be concealed in lockers? . Berger uses the word prison as a metaphor to refer to the locker.

Theories of Personality

Through the eyes of a person who has watched the movie â€Å"Interview with the Iceman†, Richard Kuklinski, who could not stop at anything that could prevent him from murdering his victims, is a hardened serial killer, whose personality is attributed to the brutal up bringing he received from his equally brutal parents: a father who bet up and killed Richard’s elder brother Florian and a mother who shielded the crime to protect her husband and also a brother who raped and murdered a twelve year old girl.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Theories of Personality specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These parents used to beat up their children at the slightest provocation, not just beating them but mercilessly doing so. And this so greatly hardened their children and determined their personalities in the later years of their lives. Considering the various theories of personality, and specifically the p sychoanalytic theory (Matthews, Deary, Whiteman, 2003), which postulates that any kind of behavior in human beings is usually determined by an individual’s past experiences, more specifically childhood experiences which dot the person’s perceptions of ongoing experiences in his or her life in which case, Richard Kuklinski’s childhood experiences can be said to have greatly contributed to his adulthood character ending up as a mafia torturer and serial killer (Matthews, Deary, Whiteman, 2003). His heinous acts, having been brought up in predominantly abusive environment therefore points back to his childhood life and interactions. His parents treated him with a lot of cruelty thus prompting him to be so cruel a human being. Thus ending up with such a personality is no surprise considering what he had gone through as a child. In as much as he had passed out to be a normal family man covering up in â€Å"business† which he had made his family and neighbors believe he was doing he ended up committing his murders and was able to â€Å"camouflage† for quite a long period of time. The other theory that is evidently seen in regard to Richard Kuklinski’s character, is the humanistic theory (Matthews, Deary, Whiteman, 2003) which states that any form of behavior is always understood by first understanding a persons way of looking at issues and how he or she perceives himself or herself in regard to others and this will always give a person self gratification and fulfillment. Despite the fact that his actions are considered the worst of all humanness, Kuklinski seems to derive some joy and satisfaction in all that he does. He murders some of his victims slowly and painfully and does not even have mercy on them or their families, this then makes one see that he is getting self fulfillment even though in the wrong way.Advertising Looking for term paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 1 5% OFF Learn More His internal perception of the killings he commits is basically getting even with his master’s enemies or those people who offended him, in killing a victim after another he does not feel guilty nor does he get to be affected, he even feels like its good to kill those people he feels have known much of his supposed â€Å"business† for instance the undercover detective whom he had disclosed to his past ventures. He seems to enjoy murder after murder and therefore getting the excitement of going on with his activities. Extensively analyzing and evaluating the Iceman, he needs some sort of treatment and therapy more especially with his emotions and feelings towards other people by first understanding his background. In his case he needs serious psychological therapy as well as lifestyle modification therapy (Cooper, 1988). Now that he had become very violent with his wife and children, to them he was a monster even though their family unit was t he perfect family set up in their neighborhood. Courtesy of his unfeeling kind of character, he does not seem to really feel sorry for what he has done to other people, Kuklinski therefore needs room to evaluate himself and come to really understand the impact of his actions on other people’s lives. That if he was put in the shoes of his victims just for a couple of minutes, for instance those that he fed to huge rats to their death, through this then, he could feel a sense of guilt which could then in return make him remorseful and even end up apologizing to those families that he murdered their loved ones. In order to solve his problems of living, he also needs to be counseled because his situation given time can be reversed. At his age, and especially in police custody, having been sentenced to many years in prison, and therefore having no hope of ever getting out of prison, lifestyle modification therapy can also be employed on him, this could then help him improve his re lationship with other people especially his fellow prisoners. This to a large extent could help him in preventing confrontations with all those people who he came across throughout his prison life and outside prison if he was ever making it out there (Cooper, 1988). In modifying his life then he could end up a reformed person as it is the case with some hardened criminals who even end up as acceptable members of society in their new personalities as reformed people such that good citizenship could bring a new meaning to his life once more (Matthews, Deary, Whiteman, 2003). Richard Kuklinsiki’s encounter with Doctor Park Dietz, to some extent can be seen to be a bit personal and confrontational with psyche. Having been of the worst character imaginable, a killer who did not in the slightest instance have mercy for his victims and family members, he can be expected to be extremely rude and not even adequately respond to the psychiatrist (Cooper, 1988).Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Theories of Personality specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This then prompted the Doctor to some extent get up close to him so as to make him speak. If he was to be treated with politeness and fear then most definitely he could have played it hard. The Doctor could at times get personal with Kuklinski because it was inevitable and only this made him speak out. The Iceman turns out to be a monster that possesses different personalities, on one hand, an extreme character that is so inhuman, unfeeling and very cold at heart. He goes on to kill his victims in so many brutal ways and never leaves a track, meaning that he carried out his missions with a lot of intelligence, which means that with the so many murders he had gained expertise such that if he had ended up a free man all his life, then many more people would have died. On the other hand he is so hard on his wife Barbara Pedrici; he beat her up an d spelt terror on his children, yet on the outside passed as a perfect family man and businessman as well. He claimed that he could not harm women and so his major target was men, he even says that he regretted he never killed his father now that he was too brutal to him as a child. This shows that he is a very vengeful man who cannot spare even his own blood. An individual’s life is therefore shaped so early in life such that what we do in our childhood days or whatever that is done to us is somewhat the determining factor of who a person becomes when he or she grows older (Cooper, 1988). Human beings are therefore conditioned to be who they become by outside forces which one may choose or not choose to adopt, though inherited capabilities also play a role, the outside forces can take a lion’s share if not carefully balanced. For instance in the Iceman’s case, he could have chosen to be a different personality if he liked, but he let the prevailing circumstance s shape his personality which is not acceptable to any human society (Cooper, 1988). References Cooper, C. (1988). Personality: Critical Concepts in Psychology. New York. Routledge Matthews, G., Deary, I. Whiteman, M. (2003). Personality Traits. UK. Cambridge University PressAdvertising Looking for term paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This term paper on Theories of Personality was written and submitted by user Gabriella Slater to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Developing Corporate Culture The WritePass Journal

Developing Corporate Culture Developing Corporate Culture Introduction:Literature review:1.1 Organisational culture and Organisational Objectives1.2 Organisational and National culture1.3 Analysing the corporate culture1.4 Organisational culture’s Impacts2.1 Climate of Organisation2.2 Ways to improve corporate climate2.3 Organisational Values3.1 Stakeholders of organisation3.2 Organisations communication strategies3.3 Communication Strategies: Conclusion:BibliographyRelated Introduction: Developing corporate culture’s study will provide a detailed understanding of the importance of the corporate culture in organisational success and the managerial skills to influence the achievement of the culture. The development of an appropriate culture is vital to the organisation’s success. It could be said that all the best policies, procedures and technologies are supported by a culture that reinforces consistently what the organisation is all about. This study will explore the work that has already been carried out to develop an understanding of both national and organisational culture dimensions. This understanding will allow them to consider how this affects their interaction with different stakeholders from different culture group. Although it is underpinned by an exploration of relevant theory, the intention is that the study will be applied to specific organisation and situation. A very important part of this study is stakeholders, any group or individual t hat can affect or affected by the achievement of organisational goals, such as managers, stockholders, work groups, suppliers, distributors and customers. This detailed study of DCC will provide essential knowledge of the subject. Literature review: 1.1 Organisational culture and Organisational Objectives Business objectives  are the ends that an organisation sets out to achieve. Organisational culture is the main aspect of any business to achieve these objectives. An organisation must create an effective culture and business plans to enable it to achieve these ends, thus plans and organisational culture are the means to the ends, to achieve the organisational goals. The  objectives and plans  that an organisation creates are determined by balancing the requirements of the various stakeholders in the organisation. The stakeholders are those individuals and groups that are affected by and have an interest in how the business is run and what it achieves. Every business has a range of  stakeholders. The objectives that a company establishes are based on blending the various interests of these stakeholder groupings. For example, an objective to be the market leaders will benefit all stakeholders because customers will receive high quality products, shareholders will receive high dividends, employees will receive good wages, and so on. (James L H and John P K, 1992) indicate that corporate culture is the biggest influence to the performance of the work force. It may sometimes inhibit long-term financial performance. It was suggested how managers can work at reversing such a trend. In particular, managers wasted little time and energy on people or products or plants that seemed to have little long-term potential, by creating systems that tracked non-financial data which were also sometimes able to demonstrate credible progress in even less time. Thus, the strength of cultures, their adaptability and their environmental fit as key predi ctor of their financial performance. (R Harrison H Stokes; 1992) clarifies that â€Å"Culture impacts most aspect of the organisational life, such as how decisions are made, who makes them, how rewards are distributed, who is promotes, how people are treated, how the organisation responds to its environment and so on.† All this different factors combined to create a successful and popular corporate culture for the organisation which will result in to the immense success in long term, in terms of both, financially and socially. The organisation will raise its status in the competition resulting financial gains and at the same time it will become popular amongst the employee which will allow them to create a very good social image. There are many different models of organisational culture is available. To name a few, Entrepreneurial structure and power culture, Bureaucratic structure and role culture, matrix structure and task culture, Independence structure and person culture etc. The best example is Johnson’s cultural web of organisational culture. The image shown here explains what the culture includes: This model is called the ‘cultural web’ though it looks like more of a flower than a web. The paradigm in the centre is the set of core beliefs. Let me clarify what is a paradigm. A paradigm is a constellation of concepts, values, perceptions and practices shared by a community, which forms a particular vision of reality that is the basis of the way a community organises itself.  (Capra 1997). This will take place from the multiplicity of conversations. It will maintain the unity of the culture. The ‘petals’ are the manifestations of culture which result from the influence of the paradigm. Almost all of the change programmes will concentrate on the petals; trying to effect the change by looking at structures, systems and processes. Initiatives usually have a limited success. A lot of energy and money is put into the change programme, with all the usual communication exercises, consultations, workshops etc. In the beginning things seem to be changing but gr adually the novelty and impetus wears off and the organisation0 settles back into something like its previous configuration. This will happen in the most of the cases because of a very simple reason that unless the paradigm at the heart of the culture is changed there will be no lasting change. Harrison and stock mentions that Culture impacts most aspect of the organisational life, such as how decisions are made, who makes them, how rewards are   distributed, who is promoted, how people are treated, how the environment respond to its environment and so on. It is very important to understand how this different aspects of the culture help to achieve the organisational objectives. Treating all employees equally will create a very healthy environment for work. A healthy environment means harmony and co-ordination in work, good level of communication and consistency in achieving the organisational targets. This is what an organisation would ideally want from the workforce. At this point, a very important topic is also related to the success of the organisational culture and that is the difference between organisational culture and national culture. 1.2 Organisational and National culture Based on the research of Dr. Geert Hofstede,(www.itapintl.com), there are differences between national and organizational cultures.   For global companies, it is important to understand both in order to impact organizational performance.  Our national culture relates to our deeply held values such as good vs. evil, normal vs. abnormal, safe vs. dangerous, and rational vs. irrational.  National cultural values are learned early, held deeply and change slowly over the course of generations as witnessed in all ages.  The organizational culture is comprised of broad guidelines, rooted in organizational practices learned on the job.  Experts agree that changing  organizational culture is difficult and takes time.   When two or more companies merge/integrate is how the underlying personal values of employees impact how they perceive the corporate culture change efforts.  People can learn to adapt to processes and priorities, and a person can be persuaded to follow the exemp lar behaviours of leaders in an organization.  But if these priorities and leadership traits go against the deeply held national cultural values of employees, corporate values processes and practices will be undermined.  What is appropriate in one national setting is wholly offensive in another.   What is rational in one national setting is wholly irrational in another.   And, corporate culture never trumps national culture.    1.3 Analysing the corporate culture British Airways is operating a highly effective bureaucratic structure and role culture. At British Airways the organisational culture is to constantly work towards creating an inclusive culture that understands and respects the individual differences of each employee. British Airways seek to deliver a service  which reflects and responds to the diverse range of customer needs with an aim to drive and integrate diversity into all aspects of the service to remain competitive. As a company  which operates globally, BA needs to attract and retain talented individuals to reflect the diversity of customer base. Employing a mix of people from diverse backgrounds leads to potential new ideas and innovation. BA’s strategy is driven through diversity champions representing departments across the airline and employee groups which meet regularly to discuss issues on religion, disability, flexible working, sexual orientation and ethnicity. Diversity issues are communicated to employees via corporate intranet site, diversity forums, diversity employee networks, company newspaper and in monthly newsletters. The organisational culture describes all the rules, practices, attitudes and beliefs of business and underpins the interactions of staff and customers. Organisational climate describes the morale and perceptions of the organisation and is quite subjective. At British Airways the current climate is not harmonious between the staff and the management. As a result the organisation is facing a lengthy unrest resulting in to the walkout of the staff which coasted company a whopping  £150 million. This dispute will be the biggest obstacle in company progress to achieve the organisational objectives. The main source to achieve any company target is the workforce. If the work force is not satisfied, they present a real threat of obstructing the progress of the company. (Mullins 2002) clearly described that Organisational climate is relating to the prevailing atmosphere surrounding the organisation, to the level of moral and the strength of feelings of belongings, care and goodwill amongst the members. Organisational climate is based on the perceptions of members towards organisations. Hence it is clearly noticeable that the current management at BA has failed to gain an edge over member’s perceptions. The work force is disputing from a long time and it is clearly obstructing the organisational goals. BA is committed to achieve highly professional goals through their different future commitments. The Colleagues at BA are engaging themselves to make British Airways a high performance workplace; by focusing to deliver consistent customer service; by developing and maintaining world-class partnerships with all key stakeholders, both internal and external; to create a performance-based culture. BA is also committed to an Operational efficiency by driving continuous improvement, short and long-term. This work is led by the Leadership team which involves and engages employee right across the organisation. But the current climate will definitely not allow these commitments to become realistic. Although recent improvements between union and management is showing some positive signs which is an indication of good times coming back to BA. There are many different departments in BA. At some level, the different departments operate with independence structure and person culture. As mentioned earlier, his structure is based on the individuals who are responsible for their work. For instance, the cleaning department, work on terminals. Although this department have a manager and supervisor but most of the staff knows their responsibilities and knows exactly how to perform them. They hardly need the information of everyday work as they are accustomed of it. Between the staff members, the power and influence are shared with strong individual values. This is also a very effective organisational culture. 1.4 Organisational culture’s Impacts The organisational culture combines the areas of different potential misunderstanding such as communications, management and negotiations. Moreover buyer behaviour, cultural shock, importance of developing cohesive culture in merged organisations is some of the different factors which clearly impacts on achievement of organisational objectives. Stewart mentioned that â€Å"in recent years attention has shifted from the effects of the organisation on work of people’s behaviour to how behaviour is influenced by the organisation culture. What are much more common today is the widespread recognitions that original change is not just, or even necessarily mainly, about changing the structure but often requires changing the culture too.† The impacts of organisational culture are many and varied depending on whether the company has a strong culture or a weak culture, but there are some generalities that apply. Most of the time some positive effects will occur no sooner a compan y makes a concerted effort to establish a strong positive organizational culture at the work place. Many workers are spending more and more time at work entirely depending on the job or company. The old axiom goes that a happy worker is a productive worker, and this is one of the effects of organizational culture. Workers want to enjoy work. They want to be interested in whatever is going on during their work span, or long term goals. Being part of something meaningful will make the worker enjoys which will change whole experience of work better. This will make them more productive. The effects of organisational culture should help providing such kind of settings. A strong organisation must be focusing on the environment it creates for its workers. This is because that will help encourage a more efficient and productive organisation. Focusing on building and sustaining organisational culture shows employees that they are considered an important part of the company. Such type of comp any generally has among the best response from its employees and thus will also have a much better chance of achieving its goals. There are five major reasons for wanting to create an appropriate and positive organisational culture for your company: A strong organisational culture will attract high level talent It will also help to keep the top level talent. It creates energy and momentum. A strong and successful organizational culture should alter the employees view of work. It will also help make everyone more efficient and successful. A strong organizational culture can breed success, and its importance should not be discounted. 2.1 Climate of Organisation British Airways is a very well-known organisation. It has been renowned for its organisational culture. BA provides the best opportunities to the staff members including many benefits and packages to enjoy. But from last few years it is experiencing workforce unrest. The main reason for that is there is a change within the management psyche at BA, driven by the chief executive. The new management team had taken some tough decisions which were not liked by the staff members. The management took away travel perks and also did not implement any increment for two years. These actions resulted highly unpopular and caused heavy colleague unrest. Thousands of staff took part in 22 days of walkouts last year, which cost BA  £150m. But now there are some positive developments. BA cabin crew voted this week to end 18 months of strife, which is sign of good times coming back to BA. The agreement includes a two-year pay deal and the return of travel perks for staff who took part in walkouts la st year. British Airways cabin crew voted on a peace deal that could end the airlines worst industrial dispute. The Unite trade union posted ballot papers to crew. It is with a letter from its general secretary recommending a vote in favour of the agreement 18 months after Unite opened its first strike ballot on the dispute. So far the only indication of support for the deal is approximate, after hundreds of crew attending a meeting at Heathrow airport this month backed a proposal to put the deal to a wider vote. BA is hoping for the best outcome of these positive talks and are keen to end this worst industrial dispute. Source: The Guardian 2.2 Ways to improve corporate climate There are many different factor included in organisational climate. Some key factors are flexibility, responsibility, standards, rewards, clarity, team commitment, management practise, efficiency and effectiveness. All these have a clear impact in creating a healthy climate for workforce. Organisational climate might need to change to adapt the current changes in the business. There are many different ways of improving the organisational climate. Sometimes it is important to recognise improve may mean change because a particular climate is no longer appropriate. It is very important to understand which climate is required, different management styles, effective communications and rationale and continual review. Generally a healthy organisational climate will contain the integration of organisational goals and personal goals. The most appropriate organisational structure based on socio-technical system. Mutual trust, consideration and support amount at different level of the organisat ion. An open discussion of conflicts with an attempt of avoiding confrontation. Managerial behaviour and styles of leadership appropriate to the particular work situations. Acceptance of the psychological contract between the individuals and the organisation. If any organisation contains all the above mentioned in their culture, the work climate will be at its best. 2.3 Organisational Values It is becoming increasingly important to growing numbers of organisations to let the individuals experience a sense of purpose at work and to work for an organisation that puts organisational values into practice. Personal values, which can be defined as â€Å"Underlying and relatively stable dispositions which organisations use to guide their actions and decisions and to help them make judgements about what is right and wrong† can only be the product of upbringing and socialisation, with purely individual differences stemming from personality characteristics also having a bearing. In adult life it is often a worthwhile process of self-development to spend some time clarifying one’s values: reviewing and reflecting on what is really important to you in an enduring way. It is not really a meaningful thing to choose values. The new organisations emphasis on value leadership; i.e. leading through establish leadership. The frame work for developing and supporting strong cor porate core value is to integrate values in HRM strategies, recruitment, progression etc. Solutions about how to deal with a new task, issue or problem based on reality values that work become belief and justify actions and behaviours. 3.1 Stakeholders of organisation At British Airways, their main stakeholders are its Workers. BA provides them with their daily bread and butter. The workers always want BA to do well because the company pays their wages which help them to pay their regular monthly expenditure, other expenses and their mortgages. The other most important stakeholders are its shareholders. They always want BA to do well because they own the company and want their investments to increase in value. They want to get paid regular dividends and other benefits. Moreover BA suppliers are also very important stakeholders of the organisation. They make money from supplying BA with goods and services. BA buys everything from food to fuel to entertainment for customers. Suppliers want BA to do well so they can continue to make a profit. And last but most important stakeholders are the customers. Many business customers fly the same route on a regular basis. They want BA to do well so they can continue to use their service. Customers want to enj oy many benefits that BA offers including frequent flier, BA Holiday sale and many more offers which coming on regular basis. So this can be said that The workforce, shareholders, suppliers and customers are the main stakeholders of BA. 3.2 Organisations communication strategies Culture and communication can’t be separated. For us to communicate and cooperate, we must share some common assumptions about the world we live in and some common standards by which to judge our own and each-others action. There are three main types of communications. Written, verbal and non-verbal, this can be communicated in three different ways across the organisation. The first is downward communication. From top to lower bottom in hierarchy which are often unclear and disorganised. Upward communications flow. This allows the flow of communication and information from a lower level to a higher level Prone to distortion as people lower in the hierarchy wants to present them-selves in the best light filtered information and people high in the hierarchy do not want the feedback, suggestion or criticism. The third is Horizontal communication. This means coordinating activities; sometimes this is difficult as communication usually occurs up and down the hierarchy or the restri ction of the information due to the competition. Any of this communication strategy can be used effectively to create a successful organisational culture with the best climate for the workforce. Customer satisfaction and the opinion of all stakeholders are keys to defining BA’s success. British Airways understands the stakeholders customers, opinion leaders and employees to better inform business decisions. Therefore, in-depth and thorough measurement and research are in place to provide this important information. The British Airways measure Customer satisfaction which is monitored by a comprehensive and detailed on going survey, which measures reaction to all the aspects of the service throughout the journey experience that are important to customers. The survey was constructed with help from NOP, one of the world’s leading experts in customer research, and was tested extensively with customers before it was launched to confirm that it was as relevant, clear and unambiguous as possible.  Source: British Airways.com 3.3 Communication Strategies: BA believes it is important to share customer feedback as widely as possible throughout British Airways in order to maintain focus on the customer. Results are available on the Intranet, in the research library, and through electronic presentations and display boards. Customer insight is presented regularly to the company directors and to managers throughout British Airways. This how both customer satisfaction and other research, such as advertising effectiveness tracking, and summarises trends in customer satisfaction and behaviour, and performance issues in different areas of the business. Where appropriate, British Airways have also advised departments on the setting of targets for customer satisfaction performance in order to encourage improved service delivery. Over the past year customer insight has been used to support a range of product and service initiatives. These include: Evaluation of more cost effective meal option. Recommendation of improvements to service routines on very long flight route, Evaluation of technical developments to provide customers with greater flexibility and control when making their booking and check-in. Evaluation of different type of on board seating configuration in addressing the need of short-haul customers. Reorganisation of resources in some of the airport lounge to provide customers with a more comfortable experience and evaluation of the success of the customer relation’s service recovery across different channels and method of complaint handling. All this are different strategies of improving the communication and reforming a strong strategy without any weaknesses. Conclusion: After comparing many authors’ theories, it can surely be said that developing corporate culture and maintaining a healthy work climate are the most important factors of the organisation success. It provides the path to achieve the organisational goals by maintaining a skilful staff with the desire to develop further. Now the trainings can be given at employees own pace rather than forcing it to them and moreover they don’t physically need to be there in the classroom to get train. It can easily be assessed on internet and can be completed in their convenience. Internet based learning can be called an electronic library designed to share information. But given a detailed look one can realise its potential extends far beyond that. They can be the agent of change creating a more effective and connected workplace. We have always known the powerful effects of rapid, relevant, and specific corporate culture. This makes it far easier to implement the health corporate culture a t all level of training and development initiatives. Bibliography British Airways.com Corporate Culture and Performance; Kotter, John P.; Heskett, James L.; The Free Press; 1992; p. 99 Harrison, Roger Stokes, Herb (1992)  Diagnosing Organizational Culture.  San Francisco: Pfeiffer. www.itapintl.com

Importance of an EU Regional Policy

Importance of an EU Regional Policy Introduction The European Union was created with the aim of contributing economic growth and development of European countries through establishing a common currency and a single market. According to economics, breaking down existing barriers will cause the escalation of positive economic effects through efficiency and redirection of resources to cost-effective investments.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Importance of an EU Regional Policy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, equal distribution of profits among the members in freely competing markets is not possible. Newly entering member states having different conditions received different end results from the integration. This uneven distribution within the integration may be hindered by cohesion thus a need for regional policy. The European Union regional policy covers all European regions and consists of three objectives: employment and regional competitiv eness, convergence as well as territorial cooperation (Cini, 2003). The regional policy environment has however become very complex and regional policy makers at the national and EU levels are facing the key challenge of globalization. The increasing internalization of economy, the removal of trade barriers within the EU, technological change and the shift towards knowledge-based economy has been actively restructuring the competitive advantage of regions and countries (Boldrin Canova, 2001). Arguments for EU regional Policy The main argument for the EU regional policy is the presence of large income disparities within the EU. In the Treaty of Rome signed in 1957, the goal of the EU regional policy was aimed at strengthening the economic units of the community as well as ensuring their harmonic development according to Steinen (1991). In any economic unit, there will always be stronger and weaker territorial units in terms of dynamism and economic performance. It has been seen that regions in relative ascendancy and decline can be found in all member states. These disparities are not temporary aberrations but have persisted over long periods. National policies have been under heavy pressure from the effects of globalizations and have mainly focused on increasing competitiveness in areas where different countries can afford and handle.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In the EU, uneven economic performance can be limited through a top-down approach in which the EU policy takes responsibility (Krugman Venables, 1999). Justification of a common EU policy has been provided on the grounds of solidarity. EU regional policy seeks to find spatial balance in economic development so as to ensure that all economies achieve their full potential. The EU regional policy also presses for cohesion within the member states and in the community as a whole. Ci ties such as London and Paris can be able to deal with any problems of deprivation in their worst affected territories while others such as Portugal and Greece have for a long time been unable to deal with regional disparities. Argument for a common EU policy can thus be made on an institutional capacity as well as in a political capacity. Some member states have been unable to institute internal cohesion policy or to develop proper priorities for such a policy. The EU on the other hand has developed a cohesion policy that relies on two basic measures: unemployment rates which is social cohesion and GDP per head that is economic cohesion (Midelfart-Knarvik Overman, 2002). Policy development and spending in the EU is based on a well researched model that seeks to improve weak areas so as they conform to the whole EU requirements. Regional policy at the national level has also been unable to adapt sufficiently to the ever changing economic environment. International competitive press ures have been slowly increasing with some countries unable to keep up. In many EU member states, the past few years have been described by rising numbers of unemployment, public expenditure constraints, structural change and productivity as well as concerns on international competitiveness (Wallace Wallace, 2000). Antagonism towards movement intervention has supported a market-led approach to economic development. Internalization of the economic environment has resulted in countries being unable to make sustainable long term planning and has rendered more regions susceptible to the rapid changes resulting from global market shifts. The EU structural funds have mainly concentrated on solving most of these issues according to Ehlermann (1995). Traditional policy instruments have been overhauled and a new direction has been developed. The focus on large-scale business aid and infrastructural aid has been abandoned in favor of softer policy measures. Financial aid has however proven t o be a more durable policy instrument capable of bringing policy makers and developing industries together in a positive policy environment.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Importance of an EU Regional Policy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Another main problem is that spatial problems have become more complex and localized. Regions of urban decline described by social exclusion dominate parts of many cities in the member states. Focus on interpersonal and interregional disparities in prosperity is not always straight forward. At a spatial level, national policies have proven ineffective and EU regional policy instruments have proven to be better equipped in dealing with this issue (Cini, 2003). Regional policy objectives were created in terms of minimizing spatial disparities in economic growth, infrastructural provision and employment issues. Over the past 20 years, regional policy goals have been increasingly di rected towards optimizing the contribution of regional resources to the establishment of economic growth through promoting entrepreneurship and competitiveness. Spatial problems have been seen to be best solved through education, welfare and social measures. The EU policy focus is on wealth creation at the local level through Small Market Enterprises (SME) formation, skills formation, employment and innovation (Wilson, 2002). National regional problems have always been an obstacle to the cohesion of the community. There are wide disparities between the individual members of the community each having its own set of policies. In order to enable cohesion and reduce disparities, the Structural Funds were put in place and designed in a manner that those different classes of regions and member states were treated appropriately. Most of the money in the fund is targeted at low GDP regions matching the convergence objective. Fewer fiscal resources are available domestically for the low GDP countries in the region (Cini, 2003). These regions also have lesser institutional capacity and while it can be assumed that low GDP member states can profit from rapid growth while they strive to catch-up with the other richer states, this process has resulted in regional inequalities in GDP per head. Although the cohesion policy was created to ensure that economic development is balanced within the member states, there is a need for an EU regional policy that curbs the widening disparities (Ehlermann, 1995). The total Hungarian or Polish growth that attains the optimum catch-up path may be best supported by concentration of activity in the more developed parts of those countries with trickle down being expected to influence the other parts of the country. Such an approach however, may result in an enduring special imbalance that is evident in Italy (Wilson, 2000).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The growing interest in decentralization of government is changing attitudes to regional disparities and problems. National policies have been unable to keep up with the pressures of devolution and deconcentration in many member countries. These pressures resulted from a mix of social political, economic and cultural factors, and from reshaping the structure of governance (Cini, 2003). Due to the EU, there has been a significant shift of powers to lower government levels. However, this shift often takes place without the corresponding allocation of additional resources and devolution of revenue-raising powers. Intervention was required in economic development both in respect to the instruments required to address regional problems as well as the broader issues related to fiscal transfer systems. The EU policy debates have been dominated by changes in modes of governance (Boldrin Canova, 2001). The EU policy has been able to foster balance and ensure equity in economic development. In the UK, Italy and France, recent decisions reveal a more decentralized approach to regional policy making. A more coordinated approach to the EU policy both within the regions and centrally can be witnessed. The growing concern with political and economic consequences of regional inequality is also an issue that necessitates an EU regional policy. Due to the community, some countries feel that national political stability is under threat. In the 1990s, most countries sidelined questions about regional development (Krugman Venables, 1999). The relationship between sectoral and regional issues has not been fully established resulting in several problems. Member countries face pressures from major problems, such as dynamics of growth, external economic relations, macro-economic stability, and balance of payment. In most member states, concerns of regional differences and the marginalization of certain territories are still considered minor problems. The EU competition policy has ho wever introduced a new powerful shift between EU regional policies and national policies. The original treaty documents developed provisions for control of the state aid policies of member countries under the competition policies. The EU began to have an impact on the use of state aids as instruments of the regional policy in the early 60s, as soon as the treaty was developed (Steinen, 1991). Many scholars have argued that an effective cohesion policy can only result from a strict control of state aid. The EU competition policy has thus not only created a means to prevent the growth of regional inequality but has helped in shaping the coverage of other policies especially those under the realm of the structural funds. The EU community has been plagued by political squabbles and bureaucracy problems (Cini, 2003). A driver for change from reliance of national policies to EU regional policy has been the bureaucracy associated with Structural Fund implementation. It has been generally a ccepted that the implementation of funds carries with it a heavy administrative burden and substantial investment in institutional capacities at different levels. The negotiation of the Structural Funds regulation has made it clear the power of precedent in the European Community regional policymaking. According to different objectives, the EU regional policy has been able to quell differences in Structural Funds allocation and cut down on the bureaucracy involved in the process (Midelfart-Knarvik Overman, 2002). The EU policy has also influenced the allocation of EU funding within the national policy delivery system in most member countries. Some countries such as Spain, Germany and Austria have effectively included EU structural funding within their own national funding mechanisms while others such as UK and Sweden have set up different delivery systems for administering the funds and delivering programmes. Despite the mode of delivery, considerable policy transfers from the EU t o the national regional policies can be seen. Conclusion The EU is an integration initiative that has proven to be very effective and structured. There are however many different national policies that can affect the overall effectiveness of the EU cohesion objectives. It can be seen that national territorial policies can hinder the effectiveness of the EU regional policy. The thrust to achieve cohesion can lead to internal disparities as countries neglect some areas in order to succeed in others. The EU regional policy is concerned with overall development, reduction of poverty and increase in the GDP of member countries. Some urban policies in member states can steer resources to favored regions neglecting other areas. Another problem is the employment measures taken by member states that fail to contribute to the regional convergence of the community. The EU strives for the promotion of entrepreneurship and creation of SME’s within the member states in order to improve int ernational competitiveness and economic stability. Apart from this, national policies have been unable to deal with the decentralization of power required for the EU to prosper and the promotion of convergence. National policies have been unable to meet the main objectives set out during the formation of the EU. The main problem however has been that national policies hinder cohesion within the EU. There is a greater need for a comprehensive policy that understands and conforms to the needs of the EU and fosters convergences of the member states without fostering regional disparities. References Boldrin, M. Canova, F. 2001. Inequality and convergence in Europe’s regions: Reconsidering European regional policies. Economic Policy, 32, 207-245. Cini, M. 2003. European Union Politics. London: Oxford University Press. Ehlermann, C. 1995. State Aid Control in the European Union: Success or Failure?  Fordham International Law Journal 184, 1212-1229. Krugman, P.R., Venables, A. 1 999. The Spatial Economy: Cities. Regions and  International Trade. Cambridge MA: MIT Press. Midelfart-Knarvik, K. Overman, H. G. 2002. Delocation and European Integration: is Structural Spending Justified? Economic Policy, 35(10):323-359. Steinen, M. 1991. State Aid, Regional Policy and Locational Competition in the European Union. European Urban and Regional Studies, 41(1):19-31. Wallace, H. Wallace, W. 2000. Policy Making in the European Union. London: Oxford University Press. Wilson, T. 2000. Obstacles to European Union regional policy in the Northern Ireland borderlands. Human Organization, 122, 33-38.

Conservation Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Conservation - Research Paper Example However, more dedicated effort needs to be taken up in this regard. The Giant Panda is a peaceful creature (WWF, 2015). The black and white fur of the animal is its distinctive feature of the animal and the animal is adored worldwide and in China. The animal belongs to the kingdom Animalia, Phylum Chordata, Class Mammalia, Order Carnivora, family Ursidae. Panda is the rarest among the bear family with only around 1600 species left worldwide. The Panda is considered as an endangered species. Adult panda can grow to more than 4 feet in height. The Panda eats 26 to 84 pounds of bamboo every day and in order to eat these large amounts of bamboo the Panda has large wrists. A new born Panda is of the size of a stick of butter but the adult panda is of the size of 330 pounds (IUCN, 2015). The panda grows at a rapid pace because the new born panda is 1/900tth of the size of an adult panda. Giant pandas are found in the temperate montane forests. The bamboo stands in these forests are dense and grow at an altitude of 12200-4100m (more often 1,500-300 m). The density of population in a particular region depends on the density of bamboo in a particular region and hill slope (Smithsonian national zoological park, 2015). Giant pandas generally stick to a place and prefer not to hibernate but in winter they descend down the hill slopes to warmer regions. The Animal’s primary habitat is China’s Yangtze basin. China’s main staple food is bamboo that is found widely in the region (Defenders of wildlife, 2015). The region is the economic and geographic heart of the region. Pandas spend a lot of time eating and most of the food that they eat is Bamboo. Almost 55% of their day time is spent on eating. They use over 60 species of bamboo as their food. However out of the 60 species of bamboo only 35 species comprise their main food. The pandas use different species of bamboo as food in different seasons. Previously it was